HTML Hyper Text MarkUp Language
HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is a language for describing web pages.
- HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
- HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language. It can also be referred to as a presentation language.
- A markup language is a set of markup tags
- HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages
- HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
- HTML documents describe web pages
- HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
- HTML documents are also called web page
HTML
The <html> tag is used to mark the beginning of the page. This tag should be the first tag sent to the user’s browser. As discussed in following chapters, this rule doesn’t mean that the html tag is the first tag in the file. The end </html> tag should be the last tag sent to the user’s browser.
HEAD
The <head> tag is the second level of tags in a page. This tag is used to contain page header information, such as the title of the page, Meta tags, and link tag. The heading must be closed before the body tag begins. The heading is treated as a separate section of the document and should not be enclosed by the body tag.
TITLE
The <title> tag provides the title of the page. This title shows up in the numerous places in the user’s browser, such as the title bar of the browser window and in the user’s browsing history list.
BODY
The <body> tag marks the beginning of the content of the page. All of the remaining html in the page follows this tag. At the end of the file, the /body tag ends the content for the page. The body tag has a number of optional parameters that can be sed to customize the look of the page.
- BACKGROUND – specifies an image to repeat as the background of tha page
- BGCOLOR – specifies a color to use as the background for the page
- TEXT – specifies the color to use as the default color for text
- ALINK – specifies the color to use for a link being clicked
- LINK – specifies the color to use for a link that has not been clicked.
- VLINK – specifies the color to use for a link that has been clicked.
TEXT FORMATTING
HEADING
There are 6 levels of heading and each level has its own tag pair. Each tag pair is the letter h followed by a number from 1 to 6. Heading tag automatically adds a line break and adds some extra space between the lines.
- H1
- H2
- H3
- H4
- H5
- H6
BLOCKQUOTE TAG
The blockquote tag marks a section of text as a quote from another source. The text is indented on both the left and right side.
PRE TAG
The pre tag shows text in a monospace font. PRE is short for preformatted. Any text surrounded with the PRE tag pair will be shown exactly as it appears in the source file.
CODE
Like the PRE tag, the CODE tag shows text in a monospace font. However, it does not add a line break before and after the text.
FONT
One of the more flexible text-formatting tags is the font tag. A number of parameters can be supplied to change the look of the text. The most commonly used parameters are listed.
- COLOR – specifies the color in which the text should be displayed
- FACE – specifies the font name to use
- SIZE – specifies the relative size to use for the text.
MISCELLANEOUS FORMATTING TAGS
- B – bold face text
- I – italic text
- S – strikethourgh text
- U – underlined text
POSITIONING TAGS
- CENTER- the text is used to center text between the sides of the browser window – if the text is not within
- PARAGRAPH – The P tag is one of the most commonly used tags. It is used to create paragraphs.
- BR – The <br /> tab put s a line break between two lines of text. It doesn’t need a closing tag.
- HR – <HR /> stands for horizontal rule, which is a horizontal bar that can appear on a page.
LIST TAGS
- UNORDERED LIST – unordered lists is also known as bulleted list. All of the items are shown following some sort of dot or other bullet.
- ORDERED LIST – the ordered list uses cardinal numbers instead of bullets
- Type – type tells what should be the type of list, like 1,2,3 or I,ii,iii etc
- Start – start shows where to start from
TABLE FORMATTING TAGS
- TABLE – table tag marks the beginning of the table. It can take a number of optional parameters, the most common of which are shown below
§ ALIGN
§ BACKGROUND
§ BGCOLOR
§ BORDER
§ CELLPADDING
§ CELLSPACING
§ COLS
§ HEIGHT
§ WIDTH
- TR TAG
§ ALIGN
§ BACKGROUND
§ BGCOLOR
- TH
§ ALIGN
§ BACKGROUND
§ BGCOLOR
§ COLSPAN
§ ROWSPAN
§ VALIGN
§ WIDTH
- TD
§ ALIGN
§ BACKGROUND
§ BGCOLOR
§ COLSPAN
§ ROWSPAN
§ VALIGN
§ WIDTH
OTHER TAGS
- ANCHOR
The anchor tag marks a link to another document or object. Anchor tags can also be used as relative links within a document. To add a link to another document, you can use the following code.
<a href=”http://youngminds.com.np” >Web Design Nepal</a>
- Image Tag
The image tag is used to show a graphic within a page. Typical graphics formats supported by most browsers include CompuServe Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) and Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format.
<img src=”http://youngminds.com.np/logo.gif“ width=”100″ height=”80″ />
